Friday Vocabulary

1. tantalum — element with atomic number 73, a silver-grey rare metal

The replacement of carbon filaments with tungsten, tantalum, or osmium was an important economic measure for the city, due to the significantly less current required to produce the same illumination.

 

2. cocker — patron or promoter of cockfights; spaniel breed trained to start woodcocks

He always felt most at home there among the jockeys and the cockers, talking over the prospects for the next race or bout, with a sense of sage knowledge and easy camaraderie that escaped him among the social elite who made up Eliza’s own circle.

 

3. cocker — to pamper

He that cockers his child will find to his dismay that he has raised a weak and vainglorious gentleman.

 

4. trews — close-fitting trousers, often of tartan pattern

“Now you take those trews off as well,” she said, smiling, “or you’ll be catching your death of cold.”

 

5. verandah (also veranda) — roofed gallery or porch

At that time the screens surrounding the verandah were still in good repair, so we could sit together upon the settee and chat for hours, watching the fireflies and conspiring thick as thieves over nefarious plans for the next morning—plans which, needless to say, were forgotten in the morning in the rising heat and the promise of further lazy adventures.

 

6. accumbent — reclining, lying against something; dining while reclining

And with sharp wit and erudite allusions the so-called professor demonstrated that the accumbent posture was the best and healthiest way to eat food, affording much less strain to the liver and other elements of digestions, though, as Fordham pointed out sotto voce, all the Romans who’d practiced the art seemed to have died out pretty thoroughly.

 

7. weskit — waistcoat, vest

When we was finished the scarecrow looked powerful pretty, dressed up in that white shirt of mine that had turned pink when Mollie’s red bloomers was washed with it, and Pa’s old yellow weskit that had the torn lining, and my old green checked trousers, though the pants were a trifle short on his long legs, truth be told.

 

8. acephalous — headless; leaderless

The society’s structure is not truly acephalous, however, though it can seem so to the outsider, as every leadership role is rotated on an almost continual basis, so that the person charged with the care of indigents, for example, will be replaced by another every two or three days, easily confusing the newcomer.

 

9. stook — bundles of grain arranged in a standing pile, shock

Aye, it was hard work, cutting the wheat with the hand sickle and binding up the sheaves, and then painstakingly stacking up each bunch into stooks to dry, all the while watching grimly the bizarrely dressed man painting all day at the edge of the field.

 

10. tabor — small drum, esp. as used by piper as percussive accompaniment

Byrd was a very unprepossessing fellow, but once let him get started on pipe and tabor and you’d find yourself unable to stop tapping your feet, and like as not to jump up dancing with the barmaid, so merry and fey was his music.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(Irish variant of loch)

lough — pool, lake

Between the bog and the lough he constructed a rude hut, humble precursor of the grand mansion that was to supplant the shack during his days of glory and success.

Friday Vocabulary

1. confute — prove someone or something to be wrong

But why should we waste so much time confuting this obviously fallacious argument, when the refutation is all around us in the natural world?

 

2. fiduciary — of a relationship in which one person holds property on behalf of another

Naturally he agreed to assume the fiduciary duties on a pro bono basis, for he saw an opportunity to enrich himself much more than any salary might have done, by manipulating the various stocks and other investments in his care.

 

3. fray — fight, brawl

Into the fray strode McGillicuddy, looking the very devil in his kepi and enormous mustaches.

 

4. puggree (also puggaree) — Indian turban, pagri; muslin cloth wrapped around sun hat with trailing edge behind

In her jodhpurs and pith helmet wrapped in a white puggree she looked ready to explore darkest Africa, but Lizzy turned out to be unprepared for the dangers awaiting us at the local farmer’s market.

 

5. spadix — [botany] spike of tiny flowers

Before the flowers appear, the spadix is tapped to produce the fine coconut oil so admired for cooking.

 

6. disannul — to abolish, to cancel utterly

“So,” said the old gentleman, as he calmly tamped the tobacco into his pipe, “you would simply disannul the sacred vows you have made, and walk away from the obligations you have undertaken as if these problems concerned you not at all?”

 

7. delusively — in the manner of one who is misled or deceived

As we searched delusively for the Heffalump, I came to learn more about my companion, and thus, more about myself.

 

8. schadenfreude — joy in the misfortune or suffering of others

With an satisfying sense of schadenfreude I saw my accuser hauled off to face the charges of mis-, mal-, and nonfeasance.

 

9. parietal — of or related to the top and side of the skull; of or pertaining to authority over residential relations in college, esp. between the sexes

While some saw in the relaxation of the parietal rules on campus a triumph for enlightened and modern thought, others saw a harbinger of the doom to come.

 

10. shock — group of grain sheaves placed upright in support of each other so as to allow drying and maturing

After our swim his dyed hair stood out from his head like shocks of wheat.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(British children’s game)

conkers — game in which horse chestnuts are threaded onto a string and one player attempts to break the others seed with his own; (sing.) the horse chestnut seed so used

“So this is how you cheat at conkers, is it?” said Dennis as he saw Harold’s mum pulling a pan of horse chestnuts out of the oven.

Friday Vocabulary

1. ontological — of or related to the nature of being or existence as such, about ontology; descriptive of category relations between concepts in a given field

While in the army, his sergeant called such ontological speculation ‘pulling yourself up by your bootstraps’, but here at college his professor dismissed it as ‘circular reasoning’.

 

2. peritoneum — serous membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Bits of the exploded wood were found lodged in the peritoneum during autopsy.

 

3. abigail — lady’s maid

Milady sat at a deal table in the parlor, playing whist with her abigail.

 

4. brail — small horizontal lines used for gathering in sail; leather cord for tying down a hawk’s wings so as to prevent flight

“Jump to the spanker brail! Look you lively, now!”

 

5. scruple — measurement of weight in apothecaries’ system, equal to 20 grains (about 0.13 grams)

To each dram of spirits add one scruple of honey, and cover with three grams of coarse black pepper.

 

6. alethic — way a language speaks of truth

Though some have questioned the need for the alethic modality when referring to linguistic models of logic, others have questioned the need for linguists to continually make up new words to further obfuscate the perfectly good words they were gifted with by their parents.

 

7. dominie — pastor; [Scots] schoolmaster

They sat silently listening to the dominie‘s peroration, sweltering in their heavy black flannel, but each assuring himself that such discomfort was a mighty sacrifice to display before the mynheers assembled in the sweltering church.

 

8. cracknel — crisp savory biscuit; fried pork fat bits

Among the cracknels, toffees, marzipan, and other treats in the storefront window, a gloriously colored prize box held pride of place, surrounded by all these delights as a queen would be encircled by her courtiers and ladies.

 

9. napery — table linen; household linen

Always, it seemed, his fumbling fingers failed him, either overturning the delicate glassware (or worse, breaking it), or staining the fine napery with which his aunt insisted on using, for reasons he never understood, as the napkins were quite useless for wiping one’s hands or mouth.

 

10. heteroglossia — concept describing presence of multiple ‘languages’ within a single common tongue, usu. related to class or other distinctions between different speakers or auditors

Perhaps Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia is more useful in this instance, highlighting as it does the performative transgressive inversion of societal norms found here in what is supposed to be a mere children’s cartoon.

 

Friday Vocabulary

1. mythomane — habitual liar, person compelled to fantasy or exaggeration

Perhaps the same deep-rooted psychological propensity towards lying made him the excellent salesman he became; certainly his skill and experience as an unusually clever mythomane helped him as an active bigamist—or perhaps one should say ‘trigamist’, though of course he never solemnized his relationship in another (illegal) ceremony with the third simultaneous mother of his children.

 

2. deponent — verb appearing only in passive form, but with active meaning; one who deposes, person making a deposition

“You forget, Mr. Higgins, that sequor is a deponent, that sequitur simply means ‘he is following’, and thus you’ll have to find another verb if you wish to say ‘he is followed’, my boy.”

 

3. devil’s hour — [idiom] witching hour, late hour of night at which supernatural happenings occur

Listening to the distant church bells solemnly toll four o’clock in the oppressive fog, I remembered that long ago TED Talk which spoke of the devil’s hour and, as I mused, I slowly became aware that I was being watched.

 

4. theurgist — practitioner of ‘white magic’ of Egyptian type, magician

At this time (after the False Synod) a dispute arose among the learned theurgists over the immortality of the so-called irrational demons, with Van Der Boeck strongly arguing in the negative.

 

5. Hibernian — of or related to Ireland; Irishman

Obviously some fierce struggle had taken place in the cellar, though only two bloody jackets remained of the combatants, looking like the lonesome tails of the fabled Hibernian cats.

 

6. fontanel (also fontanelle) — space between bones of the not fully sutured skull of an infant or fetus

Odie sat up all night with the weeping infant, rocking the child back and forth between her arms, trying to maintain hope as she stared silent and lorn at the pulsing beat of the blood vessel visible at her baby’s fontanel.

 

7. provant — allowance of food

“Only a half round of beef in your provant this week boys; we’re on tight rations until the rivers thaw or General Susker’s troops arrive.”

 

8. chamade — drum or trumpet signal inviting enemy to parley

“So beat the chamade Mr. Whalen, and for land’s sakes be sure to tell Captain Hodge to keep his men well out of sight!”.

 

9. replevin — legal action for return of distrained or taken goods or chattels

While it is likely we could attain a writ of replevin in this case, it is doubtful whether we could manage to gain the return of your four thousand sandwiches before the date of your “Big Boom Bad Boy Birthday Bash”, as you put it.

 

10. Chalcolithic — Eneolithic, of or related to the Copper Age

In most communities of the Chalcolithic period, of course, cold forging of found ore dense with metals was used to create the tools and weapons typical of the age, and only in a few widely separated areas are found traces of actual melting and casting of metals by nascent masters of metallurgy.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(contemporary slangy sociology idiom)

LAT relationship — “Living Alone Together”, of couples in long-term relationships who still maintain separate residences and often lives apart from one another

This is probably it, he thought, but then again, we’ve been together for almost three years, and most LAT relationships don’t last nearly so long.

Friday Vocabulary

1. contumelious — disdainfully insolent, contemptuous, scornfully rude

Little wonder if, after hearing these contumelious remarks day after day about the laziness of modern day workers, of their lack of basic work ethic, if those selfsame workers become lazy and uncaring in response to the imprecations of their bosses.

 

2. union — [archaic] enormous pearl

Her devotion had given her a complexion like the sheen of a precious union, shining with pearly translucence when faced with the vicissitudes of the material world.

 

3. hylozoism — belief that life is an inherent property of all matter

Thus the hylozoism in the strange world of Adventure Time is shown by this and other episodes, but no more significantly than the story of the crying mountain.

 

4. equitation — horse riding, horsemanship

Alas! Modern westerns are ruined the moment the lead actors begin to ride, for the art of equitation has been almost entirely lost in this all too enlightened century.

 

5. ambilevous (also ambilævous) — left-handed on both sides, clumsy, unhandy

Though well-proportioned and bestowed of all vigor and comeliness befitting such a youth, Andrew was ambilevous in everything he put his hand to, awkward in the saddle or sports, unable to catch or to throw, and likely to break any tools he took up in his fist.

 

6. leery (also leary) — suspicious, wary

While you are quite right to be leery of Señor Totoro’s promises, still it behooves you to at least listen to his proposal.

 

7. quidnunc — gossip, habitually inquisitive person

The outer chamber of the social hall—center for the Bradford machine—was filled with the usual clumps of politicians, hangers-on, and quidnuncs who perennially gathered outside the doors of power hoping for any crumb of preference they might pick up.

 

8. sorn — [Scots] to sponge off, to mooch

Even a fine lady as wealthy and well-endowed as Lady Regan does not like to feel she is paid court to only by a bunch of men who sorn her food and hospitality while making love to her maids.

 

9. parsimony — frugality; miserliness

This foolish parsimony as good as forced the best teachers at the institute to look elsewhere for employment, leaving behind only the inept, the uncaring, or the senescent.

 

10. portiere — curtain hung across a doorway in lieu of a door

The silken portieres separating the alcoves along the walls of the main chamber were removed for the children’s performance, to accommodate additional seating areas for the puppet show.

 

Friday Vocabulary

1. arctics — waterproof overshoes appropriate for cold weather

In my arctics and fur-lined gloves I thought myself ready for our little excursion, but I had not reckoned with the piercing frozen winds of that benighted valley.

 

2. orphrey — embroidered ornamental band or border on medieval vestments

Among the heraldic devices embroidered upon the orphrey of the Cope of Alnuf is a rare joke, an insult to the St. Neval family which had built the priory, for a bend sinister has been sewn across the St. Neval arms, implying that the baron was in fact illegitimate.

 

3. proem — preface, preamble, introduction

Gradually it dawned upon us that the assemblyman’s lengthy remarks had been only a proem to what promised to be an even longer, and likely even less interesting, discourse.

 

4. ceil — to finish or line a surface, esp. a ceiling

When I questioned my host for the evening, he assured me that he had been meaning to ceil the guest room for some time now, had had every intention of doing so, but for lack of time (which I took to mean lack of effort), he’d been unable, and he added that he hoped that I would not be too terribly cold that evening, but that at least he didn’t think it was going to rain.

 

5. perdurable — everlasting, imperishable

The warm booths of Saul’s Diner have seemed always a perdurable oasis of stability amid the desert of the here today, gone tomorrow restaurants along Alvyn Street, but business realities have finally caught up with the longtime favorite of locals and tourists alike.

 

6. ferrety — of or like a ferret

He was a cool customer, and his ferrety eyes made only the slightest flicker towards the desktop where the marble bust still lay broken in three uneven pieces.

 

7. neap tide — tide between new and full moon (or vice versa), when high and low tides differ by the least

Our shellfish hunt was prolonged owing to the neap tide, which allowed us to stay out on the rocks hours longer than would have usually been the case.

 

8. phthisis — wasting away; pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption

I’d tried to steel myself before entering his bedchamber, having been warned of what the doctors now confirmed as advanced phthisis, but I confess I gave a start when I saw the shriveled-up husk of my former friend lying upon the bedclothes in the darkened room.

 

9. ravelin — triangular outworks before main fortification, often providing additional protection to a gate or other strategic point

As I understand it, the lieutenant had planned to seize the ravelin before the postern curtain under cover of the nightly fog, but he and his small troop themselves got hopelessly lost in the clammy mist, and were captured just as they were about to attempt a daring raid upon the enlisted men’s privy.

 

10. gules — [heraldry] the tincture red

The pointy white spears were doubtless given some fancy name in the family coat of arms such as “gules, three piles argent”.

 

Friday Vocabulary

1. dyspathy — antipathy, opposite of sympathy

By the strange alchemy of sympathy and dyspathy, these two rivals who by common judgment should have been uncompromising enemies were instead courteous and understanding adversaries.

 

2. cincture — girdle, belt; enclosure

He had gathered the rough buffalo hide he wore over his shoulders in a hempen cincture, from which depended a leathern satchel that clinked as he moved.

 

3. orotund — (of speech or voice) full and clear; (of style) pompous, inflated

Do not be deceived by our provost’s orotund manner of speaking; his bombastic loquacity conceals an incisive and insightful mind and wit.

 

4. syndic — governmental officer; official of corporation with plenipotentiary power to transact certain business

A gift of several cases of the wine we had found abandoned on the highway leading into the small village sufficed to assure the town’s syndic that our cause was honorable and just.

 

5. votress (var. of votaress) — female votary, religious, or devotee

The soft light of the moon somehow changed Miss Ellen’s face from that of a thin almost sickly spinster to that of an ancient votress of the primordial goddess of change and rebirth, full of sensuous passion on her lips and fire within her fervent eyes.

 

6. proctorize — to perform the duties of or to exercise the powers of a proctor (of a college or university)

It’s true that Mr. Eamons was in the bar that night, not for a nightcap, however, but only to proctorize any malefactor students who’d sneaked in for a forbidden beverage.

 

7. tisane — herbal tea; [archaic] medicinal drink

“Quickly, bring our cold and wet cousin a honey barley tisane before the cold gets into her chest.”

 

8. cwm — steep narrow valley, cirque

As we stepped within the ancient grove of giant yew trees at the head of the cwm, a preternatural quiet seemed to surround us, the birds falling suddenly silent and even our footsteps muted on the loamy soil.

 

9. orthognathous — having a jaw nearly in line with the forehead and so neither jutting nor receding

The noteworthy feature of ape genus Anoiapithecus is its orthognathous facial cross-section.

 

10. supremum — least upper bound, smallest element of partially ordered set greater than or equal to every element of a subset of the partially ordered set

Of course, for finite totally ordered sets the supremum and the maximum are identical.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(perfumes)

Florida water — Cologne water developed in U.S. in early 19th century, with a distinctive spicy orange scent

She sprinkled Florida water liberally through her hair, hoping that the citrus smell would cover somewhat the lingering tobacco smoke odor that doubtless still clung to her coiffure after those hours of close confinement in the dreary coach.

Friday Vocabulary

1. scrimer — fencer, swordsman; fencing master

Unlike the young braggarts who fancied themselves scrimers and focused on feathers and pose, the bladesman before me stood flatfooted, his rapier steadily pointed at my head and main gauche held loosely at his side, and I knew from his calm confidence that I had a true challenge before me.

 

2. Mameluke — former military slaves who seized power in Egypt in the 13th C., ruling for centuries

He watched over his daughter as vigilantly as a Mameluke guarding the sultan’s harem.

 

3. hectograph — jellygraph, early document duplicating process

While the hectograph fell out of favor long before the mimeograph, some elements of its process are still used today in nail stamping at salons.

 

4. bract — [botany] small specialized leaf growing with a plant’s flower

That beautiful flower we admire on a peace lily is not a flower at all, but a spathe, a hood-like bract which surrounds the flowering spadix within.

 

5. bandbox — small cardboard box for storing collars or small hats

Eliezer was born in a bandbox of a shack, and confined to its four cramped walls for the first few months after his birth, so cold was the winter and so tenuous was his grasp upon life.

 

6. swale — low hollow, esp. marshy declivity between higher land

The faint tracks led into a swale in the middle of the prairie, where we lost the trail among the marsh grass.

 

7. antonomasia — [rhetoric] use of epithet, title, or appellation in place of proper name; use of proper name to designate an idea or another person supposed to share the characteristic property of that named

“Yes, your Ineffableness,” said the servile lackey in one of the more bizarre examples of antonomasia it has ever been my displeasure to witness.

 

8. marl — soil composed mainly of clay and lime, often used as fertilizer; to fertilize with marl; [archaic] earth

Two skeletons were discovered in the marl pits last Tuesday, and in the pub all the talk was whether Bettie and Haney had turned up at last.

 

9. fiacre — small four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage for hire

Of course, since it was raining, not a single fiacre could be found to convey us and our parcels to the station.

 

10. sybaritic — fond or overfond of luxurious pleasure

I dared not confess that what she thought of as my sybaritic lifestyle consisted solely of brief moments at exclusive clubs with her on my arm, followed by weeks of drudgery and twelve to sixteen hour days whilst I saved my pennies for another night on the town with her.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(history of The Reformation in Germany)

Schmalkaldic League — Lutheran military alliance aimed at preventing Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from crushing nascent protestantism within German states

Before democratic governors dream of banding together in a modern blue state Schmalkaldic League, they should reflect on the failure of the original alliance in the Schmalkaldic War, when unclear chains of command and competition for precedence allowed their forces to be picked off piecemeal.

Friday Vocabulary

1. modiste — fashionable milliner or dressmaker

Lady Sieveport’s headwear, a très au courant doll hat with feathers reminiscent of a crashing wave, gave proof of the modiste‘s expertise as a saleswoman, even if the hat itself seemed a feeble example of the milliner’s art.

 

2. enthymeme — logical argument with one premise or conclusion not explicitly stated, imperfect syllogism

His contention seemed to be—since it was an enthymeme we can only guess—that since religious education had proven so successful for the Catholic Church and especially for the Jesuit program, a similar indoctrination at an early age could effectively reduce criminality by teaching or rather preaching a message of niceness and brotherly love.

 

3. fatuous — silly, foolish; inane

Either you stop right now and explain the reasons behind your fatuous campaign to warn the neighborhood of the dangers of branded bottle openers or I shall leave these offices, taking my funding with me.

 

4. tilth — tillage; cultivated land

Looking upon these fine acres of crops today, you could not dream of the labor and pains taken to wrest this tilth from the rock- and weed-strewn badlands that my grandfather found when first he came to this valley.

 

5. convolute — to make difficult to follow, to complexify; to wind upon itself

Sickerts so convoluted his report that when he finished we weren’t certain whether he had purchased the milk or not.

 

6. mill lade (also mill-lade) — [Scots] mill race, mill leat

A stained cambric shirt was found three days later in the reeds across the stream from the mill lade down by Pinock’s farm.

 

7. tipstaff — sheriff’s officer, bailiff, court usher; ceremonial staff with metal tip

Though the tipstaff gave us some very hard looks, the judge seemed to find our involuntary interruption of the proceedings somewhat amusing.

 

8. kempt — neat, well maintained; combed

Like the rest of his attire, his hair and beard are almost compulsively kempt.

 

9. tigurine — Zwinglian, of or related to Zurich

The passage was not found in the tigurine translation of Luke, where the Calvinist scholars leaned towards a more material interpretation.

 

10. stirabout — [British] porridge

The food of their humble home was very luxurious, with both currants and cream for the stirabout.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(Italian, lit. ‘noble floor’)

piano nobile — main (usu. first) floor of large house

We waited in the reception room of the piano nobile, surrounded by dark tapestries and even darker paintings of indecipherable Biblical scenes, sitting upon uncomfortable chairs of some ancient and darkly stained wood.

Friday Vocabulary

1. telson — terminal segment or appendage in abdomen of many arthropods and some embryonic insects

Melisande gasped as the foul black telson of the monstrous scorpion hovered over her body, a drop of noxious ichor hanging from its sharp point.

 

2. Whitsunday — Sunday seven weeks after Easter, Holy Day celebrating descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost; Pentecost

Hartland finds in his examinations of fairy tales a connection to the otherwise singular story of Lady Godiva in an account of a similar price paid for a yearly gift to the poor, supposedly given every Whitsunday in the parish of St. Briavels.

 

3. quiddity — thingness, thatness, quality of a thing making it what it is

But if I were to go on about all the oddnesses and quiddities of our family life in that strange and inward-looking home, your patience would fail long before my tales were done.

 

4. mumble — to chew near uselessly, as with toothless gums

Slowly the old codger mumbled the red berries, the bright juice dripping from the side of his turtle-like mouth.

 

5. bilharzia — schistosomiasis, disease endemic to Africa and South Africa

Unfortunately, too many of these villagers will cease taking the medicine when the overt symptoms of bilharzia disappear, though this only ensures that the parasitic worm will remain in the host, perhaps causing further problems down the road.

 

6. reefer — short-waisted close-fitting thick jacket; midshipman charged with reefing the sails

Cedric habitually carried several kola nuts in the pockets of his reefer, a holdover from his days trading in the South Seas.

 

7. moulinet — circular cut in fencing; circling an opponent’s blade with your own

The lieutenant began to execute a moulinet but drew up short when I kicked him in the balls.

 

8. sutler — merchant selling wares to soldiers in the field

Both the sutler and his wife protested that they had not violated the general’s order forbidding the sale of spiritous liquor, but their wagons and horses were seized nonetheless.

 

9. unsavory — without taste, insipid; distasteful; morally or socially disagreeable

Not that his unsavory reputation was undeserved—if anything, the gossips underestimated his terrible manners and actions—but the man himself was so charming in person, so uninhibitedly full of life, so engaging and interested in each and every member of his company, that I could not help but fall under his trashy spell.

 

10. cruse — pot or jar of earthenware

Within the deer hide satchel we found a cruse of some foul oil, destined for who knows what evil ritual of the mad witch doctor.

 

Bonus Vocabulary

(British slang)

blag — to obtain through wheedling or cajolery

We found him just where Noel had promised us he’d be, blagging drinks from a slightly pop-eyed barmaid at The Broken Badger, as dreary a pub as I’ve ever seen.